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Legionellosis and

Legionnaires' Disease In Buildings

John Herbert

Buildings and their systems require regular inspection to ensure efficient and trouble free operation one risk often overlooked is the risk of hosting Legionella. Kelcroft's expertise helps building owners, conducting an audit of systems, particularly aqueous systems to ensure compliance with the latest guidance and codes of practice.

legionella - legionnaires disease risk assessment and management, kelcroft


Legionella Video

Legionella uses a particular method to infect us, and grow in a protected environment, click here to review a video to Legionella in action.



Cooling Tower Audit

Air conditioning systems increasing use cooling towers for heat rejection, Kelcroft undertakes audits cooling tower systems for EMSD compliance and uncovers energy saving opportunities...... learn more




Mitigate Your Risk

Building owners and operators have a fiduciary responsibility to protect the general public, their staff and occupants from health hazards - commission an independent audit...........click here to learn how to mitigate your risk


Legionella Background

Legionella was discovered in 1976.... click here to learn more about the background of Legionella and Legionnaires Disease


Legionella in Hong Kong

In Hong Kong Legionnaires' disease infection might be investigated by the HKSAR Government. Where unsatisfactory installations are noted system modifications, or replacement instructions will be issued. 

Late compared to other countries HKSAR issued a code of practice in 2004, subsquently updated in 2007 and a Cooling Tower Code of practice in 2006.............click here to learn more about Hong Kong Legionella

legionella - legionnaires disease risk assessment and management


Legionella in Neighborhoods, Buildings, and Other Water Systems

In November 2004, Kelcroft Director Mr John Herbert created an Legionella overview of global Legionnaires disease cases, based on the range of plant, equipment, and devices implicated with Legionnaires' disease amplification and dissemination.

Here is a link to schedule created by John Herbert Kelcroft in 2004 providing a documented overview from past Legionella outbreaks click here to view schedule Of Legionnaires Disease (Legionella) Disseminators (PDF format, 3 pages, November 2004)

Water is a precious resource, and contains Legionella from the natural environment at very low concentrations, however it survives municipal water treatment. Poor building systems, and maintenance provide the breeding ground for rapid multiplication.


Legionella Solutions

History has taught us that Prevention is better, and cheaper than cure.

Photograph: John Herbert Legionella Prevention Symposium Dec 2003, John Herbert in Centre

Photograph: Legionella Prevention Symposium December 2003 [John Herbert Centre]

You can mitigate the risk using Kelcroft's expertise, we prepare a comprehensive Legionella Risk Management audit identifying and assessing the risk before your building or air-conditioning systems are closed down.


Why Conduct A Legionella Audit?

Without a risk assessment audit your business could crumble beneath you. Imagine a Legionella outbreak hits the headlines at your business, your customers evaporate, many will never return, it has happened before, and sadly it will happen again.

A businessman thought a decorative fountain would be a great addition for his restaurant lobby, however it was not maintained. A Legionella outbreak occurred, many of his customers fell ill. Weeks later, after the media hype subsided, his customers didn't return, they stayed away. The damage was already done, the business closed forever. 

Water sources in old and new buildings provide the breeding ground for Legionella to thrive.

Kelcroft is one of the few organizations able to provide a comprehensive and practical audit of your Cooling Tower System, combining our auditing experience with a full understanding of how Cooling Tower Systems are designed, maintained and operated....... more



Hong Kong News

29 December 2011 - Legionella hits the front page news (unlinkable South China Morning Post, 29 December 2011).  Micheal Suen, HKSAR Education chief contracted Legionnaires' Disease from the brand new Tamar Government offices. The newspapers report Legionella was isolated from the government building, but not his Happy Valley home. 

legionella, tamar, hong kong

Commentary: Early finger pointing towards an oversea hotel has been forgotten since Tamar tested positive, however the reports state that only 13 samples were taken. And no details of the sero typing were reported in the media.

Press Release PDF

31 August 2009 - The CHP (Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong) reports the number of Legionnaires' Disease cases confirmed so far this year (between Jan-Aug 2009) reached 29, that is the record ten year high.  


legionella hong kong

Comment:  Each case has been reported as single instance, not an outbreak. However as experience overseas has demonstrated, these "isolated" cases are the likely source of yet undiscovered Legionella clusters.


Legionella On-Site Checking

To learn about kelcroft's on-site checking and cooling tower water audit service click here 

legionella hong kongBefore site work commences the design of building systems, particularly those with solar heating systems, can be checked by our experts.


Legionella Sources

Mechanical equipment and devices diseminate Legionella, have you idendified the risk?  Here is a list of devices implicated with Legionella infections......... click here





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keywords: Legionnaires' Disease, Legionella Risk Management, legionellosis, Legionella control, Audit, Hong Kong, China, Asia