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Legionella Sources

John Herbert Last updated 4 Jan 2012

Since the discovery of the Legionellae genus in 1976 we have slowly learned more about this deadly pathogen. There are hundreds of papers, codes and guidelines, and yet every day people still contract this potentially fatal disease.

legionella - legionnaires disease sources

Many people have asked what equipment / devices have been associated with cases of Legionnaires' disease, The question is misleading because it does not address the root of the issue, Legionella is aqueous, it exists all around us, and given the right set of environmental issues it could cause disease.  

However, here is a list of some known Legionella distributors and diseminators:

  1. Air Handling Units
  2. Cooling Towers 
  3. Concrete plant jet washer (UK)
  4. Ice making machine
  5. Respirator (Hong Kong)
  6. Fire services hose reel
  7. Decorative water feature (USA)
  8. Dental machinery
  9. Humidifiers
  10. Hydro Therapy pool
  11. Evaporative Cooler (swamp cooler)
  12. Fountain
  13. Birthing Pool/Bath (Japan)
  14. Olsen (Japan)
  15. Nebulizer
  16. Shower 
  1. Sight Glass
  2. Sewerage Treatment Plant (France)
  3. Pneumatic vessel
  4. Whirlpool / spa - hotel
  5. Whirlpool / spa - exhibition
  6. Whirlpool / spa - trade fair
  7. Whirlpool / spa - retail
  8. Wash basin (Tamar, Hong Kong)
  9. Lathe Coolant (USA)
  10. Misting Devices for cooling
  11. Swimming pools
  12. Car Wash



Click here to download the old version schedule of the published in 1994 with references 


These lists do not exclude the opportunity for new and novel diseminators being uncovered in the future.


Legionella Audit

Building owners and operators have a fiduciary responsibility to protect the general public, their staff and occupants from health hazards. Employers also have duties, under the relevant labour ordinance, to provide a healthy and safe working environment for staff.

Kelcroft's Legionella Audit is a methodical engineering assessment of the risk for your building, hotel, campus, process water system, or factory.

legionella - legionnaires disease risk assessment and management

The Kelcroft assessment includes a review of facility design, operation, maintenance and any treatment programmes to help facilities owners minimise the risk of problems related to waterborne pathogens, and ensure compliance with applicable local and international guidelines, and regulations.

Contact the experts today!



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